COP31 Panel Presses to Cite Climate Court Opinions, Fund Reparations
COP 31 Side Events • United NationsNovember 10, 2026
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At a COP31 side event on Nov. 10, 2026, Brazilian human rights and racial justice advocates argued that three international court advisory opinions on climate should appear in United Nations negotiating texts and in Brazilian courtrooms. The panel took no formal action. Instead it built an advocacy case connecting those legal rulings, a Ghana-proposed UN resolution on the transatlantic slave trade, and front-line testimony from quilombola, youth and children's advocates to one demand: climate finance that pays reparations.
- Conectas asks for express citation of ICJ, Inter-American Court and ITLOS climate opinions in UNFCCC texts
- Brazilian litigation cited as proving ground: Candiota 3, the soy moratorium and a pending Shell case
- Reparations roadmap proposed by Geledés to steer climate finance toward adaptation and just transition
- Quilombola, youth and children's advocates demand direct funding and a voice in transition projects
The basics: An advisory opinion is a court's legal interpretation, issued at the request of states or bodies, rather than a ruling in a dispute between parties. The panel focused on three climate opinions. They came from the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS).
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